01616nas a2200193   4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260001600201300001200217490000800229520101400237100002101251700002001272700002201292700001801314700002201332700002501354856004301379       2012                        eng d00aDiversification of acorn worms (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta) revealed in the deep sea.0 aDiversification of acorn worms Hemichordata Enteropneusta reveal  c2012 Apr 22  a1646-540 v2793 aEnteropneusts (phylum Hemichordata), although studied extensively because of their close relationship to chordates, have long been considered shallow-water, burrowing animals. The present paper more than doubles the number of enteropneust species recorded in the deep sea based on high-resolution imaging and sampling with remotely operated vehicles. We provide direct evidence that some enteropneusts are highly mobile-using changes in posture and currents to drift between feeding sites-and are prominent members of deep, epibenthic communities. In addition, we provide ecological information for each species. We also show that despite their great morphological diversity, most deep-living enteropneusts form a single clade (the rediagnosed family Torquaratoridae) on the basis of rDNA sequences and morphology of the proboscis skeleton and stomochord. The phylogenetic position of the torquaratorids indicates that the group, after evolving from near-shore ancestors, radiated extensively in the deep sea.1 aOsborn, Karen, J1 aKuhnz, Linda, A1 aPriede, Imants, G1 aUrata, Makoto1 aGebruk, Andrey, V1 aHolland, Nicholas, D  uhttps://pelagics.myspecies.info/node/402335nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245015500055210006900210300001400279490000800293520152500301653002801826653001801854653002001872100002201892700002101914700002201935700001501957700001701972700002401989700002502013856005502038       2012                        eng d  a1744-741000aObservations on torquaratorid acorn worms (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta) from the North Atlantic with descriptions of a new genus and three new species0 aObservations on torquaratorid acorn worms Hemichordata Enteropne  a244–2570 v1313 aEnteropneusts in the family Torquaratoridae were imaged using still and video cameras in the deep North Atlantic and then collected by remotely operated vehicles. From this material, we describe Yoda purpurata n. gen, n. sp., Tergivelum cinnabarinum n. sp., and Allapasus isidis n. sp. Individuals of the first two species were browsing completely exposed on the sea floor, whereas the specimen of the last species was encountered floating  1 m above the sea floor. Living specimens of Y. purpurata were 12–19 cm long and had a dark reddish-purple proboscis, collar, and genital wings (folded dorsally over the anterior region of the trunk). Members of this species were hermaphrodites (the first ever discovered in the phylum Hemichordata), with numerous separate testes and ovaries in the genital wings. Living specimens of T. cinnabarinum were 12–26 cm long and had a cinnabar-colored proboscis, collar, and back veils (arising from the anterior region of the trunk); sexes were separate, and body shape and internal morphology closely resemble those of its brown congener, T. baldwinae, from the eastern Pacific. The only specimen of A. isidis collected was a male 13 cm long and pale yellow when alive. Its body shape was proportionally shorter and broader than that of its orange congener, A. aurantiacus, from the eastern Pacific, but the internal anatomy of the two species is virtually identical. [Correction made after online publication August 21, 2012 to correct species name in preceding sentence.]10abenthopelagic lifestyle10ahermaphrodite10aTorquaratoridae1 aPriede, Imants, G1 aOsborn, Karen, J1 aGebruk, Andrey, V1 aJones, Dan1 aShale, David1 aRogacheva, Antonina1 aHolland, Nicholas, D  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2012.00266.x