02429nas a2200157   4500008004100000245014400041210006900185260001300254300001100267490000800278520187600286100002502162700002002187700002102207856004302228       2012                        eng d00aMorphology of a new deep-sea acorn worm (class Enteropneusta, phylum Hemichordata): a part-time demersal drifter with externalized ovaries.0 aMorphology of a new deepsea acorn worm class Enteropneusta phylu  c2012 Jul  a661-710 v2733 aTen individuals of an enteropneust in the family Torquaratoridae were videotaped between 2,900 and 3,500 m in the Eastern Pacific–one drifting a few centimeters above the bottom, two exposed on the substrate, and seven partly burrowed, reflecting a bentho-pelagic life style. Here, we describe a captured specimen (26 cm living length) as the holotype of Allapasus aurantiacus n. gen., n. sp. The small proboscis is dome-shaped, and the collar is only slightly wider than deep; both of these body regions are more muscular than in other torquaratorids, which presumably facilitates burrowing. The proboscis complex, in contrast to that of shallow-living enteropneusts, lacks a pericardial sac and is located relatively posteriorly in the proboscis stalk. The stomochord is separated from the main course of the gut by the intervention of a small, plate-like proboscis skeleton lacking posterior horns. The most anterior region of the trunk houses the pharynx, in which the pharyngeal skeletal bars are not connected by synapticles. The postpharyngeal trunk comprises three intestinal regions: prehepatic, hepatic (with conspicuous sacculations), and posthepatic. On either side of the worm, a flap of body wall (lateral wing) runs the entire length of the trunk. The two lateral wings can wrap the body so their edges meet in the dorsal midline, although they often gape open along the pharyngeal region. The holotype is a female (presumably the species is gonochoric) with numerous ovaries located in the lateral wings along the pharyngeal region. Each larger ovary contains a single primary oocyte (up to 1,500 μm in diameter) and bulges outwards in an epidermal pouch attached to the rest of the body by a slender stalk. Such externalized ovaries are unprecedented in any animal, and nothing is yet known of their role in the reproductive biology of A. aurantiacus.1 aHolland, Nicholas, D1 aKuhnz, Linda, A1 aOsborn, Karen, J  uhttps://pelagics.myspecies.info/node/301616nas a2200193   4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260001600201300001200217490000800229520101400237100002101251700002001272700002201292700001801314700002201332700002501354856004301379       2012                        eng d00aDiversification of acorn worms (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta) revealed in the deep sea.0 aDiversification of acorn worms Hemichordata Enteropneusta reveal  c2012 Apr 22  a1646-540 v2793 aEnteropneusts (phylum Hemichordata), although studied extensively because of their close relationship to chordates, have long been considered shallow-water, burrowing animals. The present paper more than doubles the number of enteropneust species recorded in the deep sea based on high-resolution imaging and sampling with remotely operated vehicles. We provide direct evidence that some enteropneusts are highly mobile-using changes in posture and currents to drift between feeding sites-and are prominent members of deep, epibenthic communities. In addition, we provide ecological information for each species. We also show that despite their great morphological diversity, most deep-living enteropneusts form a single clade (the rediagnosed family Torquaratoridae) on the basis of rDNA sequences and morphology of the proboscis skeleton and stomochord. The phylogenetic position of the torquaratorids indicates that the group, after evolving from near-shore ancestors, radiated extensively in the deep sea.1 aOsborn, Karen, J1 aKuhnz, Linda, A1 aPriede, Imants, G1 aUrata, Makoto1 aGebruk, Andrey, V1 aHolland, Nicholas, D  uhttps://pelagics.myspecies.info/node/400529nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245007000055210006500125260004300190300001400233490000800247100002500255700002100280700002000301856005000321       2012                        eng d  a0006-324X00aA new deep-sea species of harrimaniid enteropneust (Hemichordata)0 anew deepsea species of harrimaniid enteropneust Hemichordata  bBiological Society of Washingtonc2012  a228 - 2400 v1251 aHolland, Nicholas, D1 aOsborn, Karen, J1 aKuhnz, Linda, A  uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2988/12-11.1