01616nas a2200193   4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260001600201300001200217490000800229520101400237100002101251700002001272700002201292700001801314700002201332700002501354856004301379       2012                        eng d00aDiversification of acorn worms (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta) revealed in the deep sea.0 aDiversification of acorn worms Hemichordata Enteropneusta reveal  c2012 Apr 22  a1646-540 v2793 aEnteropneusts (phylum Hemichordata), although studied extensively because of their close relationship to chordates, have long been considered shallow-water, burrowing animals. The present paper more than doubles the number of enteropneust species recorded in the deep sea based on high-resolution imaging and sampling with remotely operated vehicles. We provide direct evidence that some enteropneusts are highly mobile-using changes in posture and currents to drift between feeding sites-and are prominent members of deep, epibenthic communities. In addition, we provide ecological information for each species. We also show that despite their great morphological diversity, most deep-living enteropneusts form a single clade (the rediagnosed family Torquaratoridae) on the basis of rDNA sequences and morphology of the proboscis skeleton and stomochord. The phylogenetic position of the torquaratorids indicates that the group, after evolving from near-shore ancestors, radiated extensively in the deep sea.1 aOsborn, Karen, J1 aKuhnz, Linda, A1 aPriede, Imants, G1 aUrata, Makoto1 aGebruk, Andrey, V1 aHolland, Nicholas, D  uhttps://pelagics.myspecies.info/node/4